Below-freezing temperatures. Layers of snow and ice. Blustering winds. Trees have developed various adaptations to survive the challenges of winter to emerge healthy in the spring. Let's consider the following:
Trees Go Into a Dormant State
- Deciduous trees: Many trees shed their leaves in the fall as a strategy to conserve water and energy during the winter. This shedding of leaves is called abscission. By dropping their leaves, deciduous trees reduce water loss through transpiration and avoid potential damage from freezing temperatures.
- Evergreen trees: These trees retain their leaves year-round, but they often have needle-like leaves with a smaller surface area, reducing water loss. Evergreen trees, like pine and spruce, can photosynthesize and perform gas exchange even in winter, as their leaves have a waxy coating that helps prevent water loss.
While trees go dormant to survive the winter season, supplementing this natural process with additional nutrients via deep root feeding can help them thrive.
Cellular Adaptations
- Antifreeze proteins or the like. Some trees have cells that are adapted to withstand freezing temperatures. They may contain antifreeze proteins or substances that lower the freezing point of cell fluids, preventing ice crystals and cell damage.
Reduced Metabollic Activity
- Metabolic slowing: In winter, many tree species experience a reduction in metabolic processes. This is particularly true for the trees in cold climates. By slowing down their metabolism, trees conserve energy and resources during the winter months.
Root Adaptations
- Deeper root systems: Trees often have extensive root systems that extend deep into the soil. This allows them to access water stored in deeper layers, which is less prone to freezing compared to surface water. Deep roots also help anchor the tree and provide stability during winter storms.
Bud Protection
- Winter buds: Trees develop buds in the fall that contain embryonic leaves and flowers. These buds are covered in protective scales that shield the delicate tissues from harsh winter conditions. The outer scales provide insulation, and the bud's small size reduces the risk of freezing damage.
Snow Cover
- Insulation: A layer of snow can act as insulation for tree roots and lower trunk areas, protecting them from extreme temperature fluctuations and wind. Snow cover also helps maintain a more stable temperature in the soil, preventing freeze-thaw cycles that could be damaging.
Count on Safari Tree for Your Tree Health Care Needs
At Safari Tree, we’re in the business of providing year-round tree & shrub health care services for Southeast Michigan homeowners. Spread across the spring, summer and fall, our well-timed applications combine dormant oil treatments, deep root feedings, insecticide and fungal sprays, and anti-desiccant sprays to help trees flourish throughout every season. Plus, all Safari Tree program services are Guaranteed Great.™
Never ask yourself “How do trees survive winter?” ever again. Take a closer look at our tree healthcare program — and if you’re ready to invest, contact us for a free quote!